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  2. Data orientation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_orientation

    Data orientation refers to how tabular data is represented in a linear memory model such as in-disk or in-memory .The two most common representations are column-oriented (columnar format) and row-oriented (row format). [ 1][ 2] The choice of data orientation is a trade-off and a architectural decision in databases, query engines, and numerical ...

  3. Row and column spaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_and_column_spaces

    The column space of an m × n matrix with components from is a linear subspace of the m -space . The dimension of the column space is called the rank of the matrix and is at most min (m, n). [1] A definition for matrices over a ring is also possible. The row space is defined similarly.

  4. Database normalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

    In situations where the number of unique values of a column is far less than the number of rows in the table, column-oriented storage allow significant savings in space through data compression. Columnar storage also allows fast execution of range queries (e.g., show all records where a particular column is between X and Y, or less than X.)

  5. Wide-column store - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-column_store

    A wide-column store (or extensible record store) is a column-oriented DBMS and therefore a special type of NoSQL database. [1] It uses tables, rows, and columns, but unlike a relational database, the names and format of the columns can vary from row to row in the same table. A wide-column store can be interpreted as a two-dimensional key ...

  6. Relational database - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database

    The rows represent instances of that type of entity (such as "Lee" or "chair") and the columns represent values attributed to that instance (such as address or price). For example, each row of a class table corresponds to a class, and a class corresponds to multiple students, so the relationship between the class table and the student table is ...

  7. Relation (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(database)

    Relation (database) Relation, tuple, and attribute represented as table, row, and column respectively. In database theory, a relation, as originally defined by E. F. Codd, [1] is a set of tuples (d 1,d 2,...,d n), where each element d j is a member of D j, a data domain. Codd's original definition notwithstanding, and contrary to the usual ...

  8. Database index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_index

    Database index. A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space to maintain the index data structure. Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table every time said table is accessed.

  9. Select (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Select_(SQL)

    Select (SQL) The SQL SELECT statement returns a result set of rows, from one or more tables. [1][2] A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used data manipulation language (DML) command. As SQL is a declarative programming language ...