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  2. Packet switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching

    In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into short messages in fixed format, i.e. packets, that are transmitted over a digital network. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an ...

  3. Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

    A TCP sender may interpret an out-of-order segment delivery as a lost segment. If it does so, the TCP sender will retransmit the segment previous to the out-of-order packet and slow its data delivery rate for that connection. The duplicate-SACK option, an extension to the SACK option that was defined in May 2000 in RFC 2883, solves this problem ...

  4. Routing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing

    Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet. In packet switching networks, routing is the ...

  5. X.25 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.25

    X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, now ITU-T) in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as The Orange Book in 1976. [1][2] The protocol suite is designed ...

  6. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    For example, in Point-to-Point Protocol, the packet is formatted in 8-bit bytes, and special characters are used to delimit elements. Other protocols, like Ethernet, establish the start of the header and data elements by their location relative to the start of the packet. Some protocols format the information at a bit level instead of a byte ...

  7. Hewlett-Packard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packard

    Hewlett-Packard. The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly shortened to Hewlett-Packard (/ ˈhjuːlɪt ˈpækərd / HYEW-lit PAK-ərd) or HP, was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. HP developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components, as well as software and related services ...

  8. 8x8 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8x8

    1,948 (2024) Website. 8x8.com. Footnotes / references. Financials as of March 31, 2024. [update] [3] 8x8, Inc. is an American provider of Voice over IP products. Its products include cloud-based voice, contact center, video, mobile and unified communications for businesses. Since 2018, 8x8 manages Jitsi.

  9. Sliding window protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_window_protocol

    A sliding window protocol is a feature of packet-based data transmission protocols. Sliding window protocols are used where reliable in-order delivery of packets is required, such as in the data link layer (OSI layer 2) as well as in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). They are also used to improve efficiency when the channel may include ...