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Fiqh (/ f iː k /; [1] Arabic: فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. [2] Fiqh is often described as the style of human understanding and practices of the sharia; [3] that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions).
Uṣūl al-fiqh is a genitive construction with two Arabic terms, uṣūl and fiqh. Uṣūl means roots r basis. Some says, Uṣūl, the plural form of Aṣl, means Rājih (preponderant). It also signifies Qā’idah (rules), which is the real-world application of the word. For example: "every sentence must contain a verb" is a rule of Grammar.
[1] [2] Sharia is expanded and developed by interpretation of the Quran and sunnah by Islamic jurists [2] and implemented by the rulings of jurists on questions presented to them. Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam.
Sharia means Islamic law based on Islamic concepts based from Quran and Hadith. Since the early Islamic states of the eighth and ninth centuries, Sharia always existed alongside other normative systems. [1] Historically, Sharia was interpreted by independent jurists , based on Islamic scriptural sources and various legal methodologies. [2]
Sunnī Islam contains numerous schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and schools of Islamic theology (ʿaqīdah). [1] In terms of religious jurisprudence , Sunnism contains several schools of thought : [1] the Ḥanafī school, founded by Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān (8th century CE);
Mainstream Islam distinguish fiqh, which means understanding details and inferences drawn by scholars, from sharia that refers to principles that lie behind the fiqh. Scholars hope that fiqh and sharia are in harmony in any given case, but they cannot be sure. [107]
Islamic Inheritance jurisprudence is a field of Islamic jurisprudence (Arabic: فقه) that deals with inheritance, a topic that is prominently dealt with in the Qur'an.It is often called Mīrāth (Arabic: ميراث, literally "inheritance"), and its branch of Islamic law is technically known as ʿilm al-farāʾiḍ (Arabic: علم الفرائض, "the science of the ordained quotas").
These differences reflect variations in legal methodology and reasoning, but all are considered valid within the broader framework of fiqh. [1] Imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man is the first of the four imams and the only taabi'i among them. He also had the opportunity to meet a number of the companions of the Prophet.
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