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Hyperreflexia is overactive or overresponsive bodily reflexes.Examples of this include twitching and spastic tendencies, which indicate disease of the upper motor neurons and the lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways.
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. [1] This condition is sometimes referred to as autonomic hyperreflexia. [2]
Ditunno et al. proposed a four-phase model for spinal shock in 2004 as follows: [2] Phase 1 is characterized by a complete loss—or weakening—of all reflexes below the SCI. This phase lasts for a day. The neurons involved in various reflex arcs normally receive a basal level of excitatory stimulation from the brain.
This page was last edited on 6 March 2005, at 14:49 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
[1] [2] "Tabes dorsalgia" is a related lancinating back pain. [citation needed] "Tabetic gait" is a characteristic ataxic gait of untreated syphilis where the person's feet slap the ground as they strike the floor due to loss of proprioception. In daylight the person can avoid some unsteadiness by watching their own feet. [citation needed]
Hyporeflexia is the reduction or absence of normal bodily reflexes.It can be detected through the use of a reflex hammer and is the opposite of hyperreflexia. [citation needed]
Babinski's sign in a healthy newborn. The Babinski sign can indicate upper motor neuron lesion constituting damage to the corticospinal tract.Occasionally, a pathological plantar reflex is the first and only indication of a serious disease process and a clearly abnormal plantar reflex often prompts detailed neurological investigations, including CT scanning of the brain or MRI of the spine, as ...
Symptoms associated with central nervous systems disorders are classified into positive and negative categories. Positive symptoms include those that increase muscle activity through hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex (i.e., rigidity and spasticity) where negative symptoms include those of insufficient muscle activity (i.e. weakness) and reduced motor function. [5]