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Blood is a complex liquid. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements.The plasma contains 91.5% water, 7% proteins and 1.5% other solutes. The formed elements are platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells.
A photoplethysmogram (PPG) is an optically obtained plethysmogram that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. [1] [2] A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse oximeter which illuminates the skin and measures changes in light absorption. [3]
Pulmonary (lung) circulation undergoes hypoxic vasoconstriction, which is a unique mechanism of local regulation in that the blood vessels in this organ react to hypoxemia, or low levels of dissolved oxygen in blood, in the opposite way as the rest of the body. While tissues and organs tend to increase blood flow by vasodilating in response to ...
The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues. The microcirculation contrasts with macrocirculation, which is the circulation of blood to and from the organs.
The flow profiles was first derived by John R. Womersley (1907–1958) in his work with blood flow in arteries. [1] The cardiovascular system of chordate animals is a very good example where pulsatile flow is found, but pulsatile flow is also observed in engines and hydraulic systems , as a result of rotating mechanisms pumping the fluid.
Distribution in pharmacology is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.. Once a drug enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed into interstitial and intracellular fluids.
commonly used in the United Kingdom when discussing blood sugar. From BM Stix – the measurement sticks used for calculating blood sugar; BM being an abbreviation of Boehringer Mannheim. [8] BNF British National Formulary bol. bolus: as a large single dose (usually intravenously) BP, Ph.Br. Pharmacopoeia Britannica: British Pharmacopoeia BS ...
Quantities given directly or implied by the frequency and duration of the directions. Where the directions are "as needed", the quantity should always be specified. Where possible, usage directions should specify times (7 am, 3 pm, 11 pm) rather than simply frequency (three times a day) and especially relationship to meals for orally consumed ...