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Human fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm, occurring primarily in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. [1] The result of this union leads to the production of a fertilized egg called a zygote, initiating embryonic development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the 19th century. [2]
Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes fuse together, resulting in the zygote (a single diploid cell). This usually takes place in the ampulla of one of the fallopian tubes. The zygote contains the combined genetic material carried by both the ...
The fallopian tubes are held in place by the mesosalpinx, a part of the broad ligament mesentery that wraps around the tubes. Another part of the broad ligament, the mesovarium suspends the ovaries in place. [5] An egg cell is transported from an ovary to a fallopian tube where it may be fertilized in the ampulla of the tube.
Capacitation can then be induced by adding media designed to mimic the electrolytic composition of the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs. These media vary between species, but are saline-based and contain energy substrates such as lactate, pyruvate, and possibly glucose.
After ovulation, the egg cell travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus. If fertilization is going to occur, it often happens in the fallopian tube; the fertilized egg can then implant on the uterus's lining. [6] [7] During fertilization the egg cell plays a role; it releases certain molecules that are essential to guiding the sperm ...
Only 1 in 14 million of the ejaculated sperm will reach the fallopian tube. The egg simultaneously moves through the fallopian tube away from the ovary. One of the sperm encounters, penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, creating a zygote. Upon fertilization and implantation, gestation of the fetus then occurs within the uterus. [10] [11] [12] [13]
Prior events prepare for the acrosome reaction. The sperm cell undergoes a series of changes, including acquiring a "hyperactive motility pattern" where its flagellum produces vigorous whip-like movements propelling the sperm through the cervical canal and uterine cavity until it reaches the isthmus of the fallopian tube.
The oviduct in vertebrates is the passageway from an ovary.In human females, this is more usually known as the fallopian tube.The eggs travel along the oviduct. These eggs will either be fertilized by spermatozoa to become a zygote, or will degenerate in the body.