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The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity".
This singularity has often been associated to the Big Bang. However the theorem does not tell if it is associated to any other event in the past. The theorem also does not allow to tell when the singularity takes place, or if it is a gravitational singularity or any other kind of boundary condition. [7]
While the basic space-like passage of a static black hole cannot be traversed, the Penrose diagrams for solutions representing rotating and/or electrically charged black holes illustrate these solutions' inner event horizons (lying in the future) and vertically oriented singularities, which open up what is known as a time-like "wormhole ...
If a geodesic terminates after a finite affine parameter, and it is not possible to extend the manifold to extend the geodesic, then we have a singularity. For black holes , the future timelike boundary ends on a singularity in some places.
This potential looks like: [5] (,,) = + (), where is the coordinate radius, and are the test-particle's conserved energy and angular momentum respectively (constructed from the Killing vectors). To preserve cosmic censorship , the black hole is restricted to the case of a < 1 {\displaystyle a<1} .
Penrose's idea is inspired by quantum gravity because it uses both the physical constants and .It is an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation which posits that superposition fails when an observation is made (but that it is non-objective in nature), and the many-worlds interpretation, which states that alternative outcomes of a superposition are equally "real," while their mutual ...
Conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) is a cosmological model in the framework of general relativity and proposed by theoretical physicist Roger Penrose. [1] [2] [3] In CCC, the universe iterates through infinite cycles, with the future timelike infinity (i.e. the latest end of any possible timescale evaluated for any point in space) of each previous iteration being identified with the Big Bang ...
He may have been largely responsible for applying the term singularity theory to the area including the input from algebraic geometry, as well as that flowing from the work of Whitney, Thom and other authors. He wrote in terms making clear his distaste for the too-publicised emphasis on a small part of the territory.