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In mathematics, the special linear group SL(n, R) of degree n over a commutative ring R is the set of n × n matrices with determinant 1, with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion. This is the normal subgroup of the general linear group given by the kernel of the determinant
The group GL(n, F) and its subgroups are often called linear groups or matrix groups (the automorphism group GL(V) is a linear group but not a matrix group). These groups are important in the theory of group representations , and also arise in the study of spatial symmetries and symmetries of vector spaces in general, as well as the study of ...
Special groups include the general linear group, the special linear group, and the symplectic group. Special groups are necessarily connected. Products of special groups are special. The projective linear group is not special because there exist Azumaya algebras, which are trivial over a finite separable extension, but not over the base field.
SL(2, R) is the group of all linear transformations of R 2 that preserve oriented area. It is isomorphic to the symplectic group Sp(2, R) and the special unitary group SU(1, 1). It is also isomorphic to the group of unit-length coquaternions. The group SL ± (2, R) preserves unoriented area: it may reverse orientation.
The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra.
Then G an, the complex points of G considered as a Lie group, has a compact subgroup K that is Zariski-dense. [1] For the case of the special linear group, this result was proved for its special unitary subgroup by Issai Schur (1924, presaged by earlier work). [2] The special linear group is a complex semisimple Lie group.
Reductive groups include the most important linear algebraic groups in practice, such as the classical groups: GL(n), SL(n), the orthogonal groups SO(n) and the symplectic groups Sp(2n). On the other hand, the definition of reductive groups is quite "negative", and it is not clear that one can expect to say much about them.
The group GL n (K) itself; The special linear group SL n (K) (the subgroup of matrices with determinant 1); The group of invertible upper (or lower) triangular matrices; If g i is a collection of elements in GL n (K) indexed by a set I, then the subgroup generated by the g i is a linear group.