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Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...
Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. [22] In people without symptoms, these are usually found incidentally during other investigations. [citation needed] While a good history is often sufficient to form a diagnosis of diverticulosis or diverticulitis, it is important to confirm the diagnosis ...
In Western countries, diverticular disease most commonly involves the sigmoid colon (95 percent of people with diverticulitis). [83] Diverticulosis affects 5–45% of individuals with the prevalence of diverticulosis increasing with age from under 20% of individuals affected at age 40 up to 60% of individuals affected by age 60.
However, SUDD occurs when only abdominal pain with bowel habit change is present, without any other systemic symptoms of diverticulitis like fever, elevated white blood cell count, elevated C-reactive protein. [6] Low grade inflammation of the colonic mucosa within the diverticulum and visceral hypersensitivity are also thought to cause SUDD. [6]
Similarly, since the sigmoid colon is the smallest portion of the colon in diameter, it’s subject to relatively high pressures according the Laplace’s law, basically the spot in the large intestine where the walls get pushed on the hardest. The sigmoid colon is therefore where most diverticula form.
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
Calyceal diverticula are usually asymptomatic, but if a stone becomes lodged in the outpouching, they may present with pain. [14] Urethral diverticula are usually found in women aged 30 to 70 years old, in between 1 and 6% of adult women. Since most cases are without any symptoms, the true incidence is unknown.
A proctosigmoidectomy, Hartmann's operation or Hartmann's procedure is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy. It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.).
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