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610–546 BCE – Anaximander: Concept of Earth floating in space [1] 460–370 BCE – Democritus: Atomism via thought experiment; 384–322 BCE – Aristotle: Aristotelian physics, earliest effective theory of physics [2] c. 300 BCE – Euclid: Euclidean geometry; c. 250 BCE – Archimedes: Archimedes' principle
The measurements of speed of light are also mentioned only to the minimum extent, i.e. when they proved for the first time that c is finite and invariant. Innovations like the use of Foucault's rotating mirror or the Fizeau wheel are not listed here – see the article about speed of light. This timeline also ignores, for reasons of volume and ...
They were also the first animals to safely return from space. [55] Albert II, a rhesus monkey, became the first mammal in space aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949, and died on reentry due to a parachute failure. The first dogs in space were launched 22 July 1951 aboard a Soviet R-1V. "Tsygin" and "Dezik" reached a height of 100 km (62 mi ...
The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German Georgi Ivanov, 93rd person in space and the first Bulgarian Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first ...
The programme carried out six crewed spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The program was the first program to put humans into space, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man in space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1. [79] Gherman Titov became the first person to stay in orbit for a full day on August 7, 1961, aboard the Vostok 2. [80]
First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova). USSR Vostok 6: 19 July 1963: First reusable crewed spacecraft (suborbital). USA (NASA) X-15 Flight 90: 12 October 1964: First multi-person crew (3) in orbit. USSR Voskhod 1: 18 March 1965: First space walk/extra-vehicular activity (Alexei Leonov). USSR Voskhod 2: March 1965: First crewed spacecraft ...
In the 20th century, physics also became closely allied with such fields as electrical, aerospace and materials engineering, and physicists began to work in government and industrial laboratories as much as in academic settings. Following World War II, the population of physicists increased dramatically, and came to be centered on the United ...
1021 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) pioneers the experimental scientific method and experimental physics in his Book of Optics, where he devises the first scientific experiments on optics, including the first use of the camera obscura to prove that light travels in straight lines and the first experimental proof that visual perception is caused ...