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Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws.The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a protected area; the cutting down of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits.
Logging is the beginning of a supply chain that provides raw material for many products societies worldwide use for housing, construction, energy, and consumer paper products. Logging systems are also used to manage forests, reduce the risk of wildfires, and restore ecosystem functions, [2] though their efficiency for these purposes has been ...
Veerappan was a notorious bandit who, until his shooting death by state police in 2004, specialised in illegally logging sandalwood in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. [ 14 ] As with coal, there have been incidents of substitution of low-grade wood for high-quality timber when the procurement of wood is authorised for government use.
The log drive was one step in a larger process of lumber-making in remote places. In a location with snowy winters, the yearly process typically began in autumn when a small team of men hauled tools upstream into the timbered area, chopped out a clearing, and constructed crude buildings for a logging camp . [ 5 ]
Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing , as well as finishing (floors, wall panels , window frames ).
The logging business was spun off into a separate department in 1898. During the Second World War (from 1942), the company began to harvest wood in Indonesia on the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. In 1948, the Sumitomo zaibatsu was effectively liquidated and the forestry business was spun off into a separate entity. Sumitomo Forestry ...
In the narrow sense of the terms, wood, forest, forestry and timber/lumber industry appear to point to different sectors, in the industrialized, internationalized world, there is a tendency toward huge integrated businesses that cover the complete spectrum from silviculture and forestry in private primary or secondary forests or plantations via the logging process up to wood processing and ...
In May 2011, Indonesia declared a moratorium on new logging contracts to help combat this. [14] This appeared to be ineffective in the short-term, as the rate of deforestation continued to increase. By 2012 Indonesia had surpassed the rate of deforestation in Brazil, [15] and become the fastest forest clearing nation in the world. [16]