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Most tumors causing hypoglycemia by mechanisms other than insulin excess occur in adults. [citation needed] Insulin-induced hypoglycemia Insulin injected for diabetes; Factitious insulin injection (Munchausen syndrome) Excessive effects of oral Anti-diabetic medication, beta-blockers, or drug interactions
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
[1] [3] [2] Other causes of hypoglycemia include severe illness, sepsis, kidney failure, liver disease, hormone deficiency, tumors such as insulinomas or non-B cell tumors, inborn errors of metabolism, and several medications. [1] [3] [2] Low blood sugar may occur in otherwise healthy newborns who have not eaten for a few hours. [8]
Hypoglycemia can also be caused by sulfonylureas in people with type 2 diabetes, although it is far less common because glucose counterregulation generally remains intact in people with type 2 diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia rarely, if ever, occurs in people with diabetes treated only with diet, exercise, or insulin sensitizers.
Glucose-elevating agents are medications used to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) by raising blood glucose.In diabetics, hypoglycemia can occur as a result of too much insulin or antidiabetic medication, insufficient food intake, or sudden increase in physical activity or exercise.
In those already taking sulphonylureas, there is an increased risk of low blood sugar when taking a medicine in the DPP-4 drug class. [19] Adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, nausea, heart failure, hypersensitivity and skin reactions.
Management of hypoglycemia due to treatment of type 2 diabetes is similar, and the dose of the oral hypoglycemic agent may need to be reduced. Reversal and prevention of hypoglycemia is a major aspect of the management of type 1 diabetes. Hypoglycemia due to drug overdose or effect is supported with extra glucose until the drugs have been ...
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose ).