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Reactive hypoglycemia, postprandial hypoglycemia, or sugar crash is a term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring within four hours [1] after a high carbohydrate meal in people with and without diabetes. [2]
Recurrent mild hypoglycemia may fit a reactive hypoglycemia pattern, but this is also the peak age for idiopathic postprandial syndrome, and recurrent "spells" in this age group can be traced to orthostatic hypotension or hyperventilation as often as demonstrable hypoglycemia. [citation needed] Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
While the treatment of hypoglycemia is typically managed with carbohydrate consumption, glucagon injection, or dextrose administration, there are some other treatments available. [3] Medications like diazoxide and octreotide decrease insulin levels, increasing blood glucose levels. [3]
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
Glucose-elevating agents are medications used to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) by raising blood glucose.In diabetics, hypoglycemia can occur as a result of too much insulin or antidiabetic medication, insufficient food intake, or sudden increase in physical activity or exercise.
The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include SGLT2 inhibitors as a first line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes (usually together with metformin), specifically in patients with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or heart failure.
Hypoglycemia can also be caused by sulfonylureas in people with type 2 diabetes, although it is far less common because glucose counterregulation generally remains intact in people with type 2 diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia rarely, if ever, occurs in people with diabetes treated only with diet, exercise, or insulin sensitizers.
Hypoglycemia enjoys a popular position in the public's eye as a non-specific medical condition that frequently provides an explanation for the varied symptoms that occur in daily life. [3] These doctors cautioned against the over-diagnosis of reactive hypoglycemia. They said "both physicians and the public deserve major re-education."