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Through the processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, these cells can actively control the rate of blood flow by means of: Contraction of cellular processes that encircle capillaries as in pericytes, which possess contractile proteins such as α-actin , tropomyosin , and myosin enabling them to contract and relax.
[8] [9] Brain-on-a-chip devices can span multiple levels of complexity in terms of cell culture methodology and can include brain parenchyma and/or blood-brain barrier tissues. [10] Devices have been made using platforms that range from traditional 2D cell culture to 3D tissues in the form of organotypic brain slices and more recently organoids.
The ischemic (ischaemic) cascade is a series of biochemical reactions that are initiated in the brain and other aerobic tissues after seconds to minutes of ischemia (inadequate blood supply). [1] This is typically secondary to stroke , injury, or cardiac arrest due to heart attack .
Cell culture is a fundamental component of tissue culture and tissue engineering, as it establishes the basics of growing and maintaining cells in vitro. The major application of human cell culture is in stem cell industry, where mesenchymal stem cells can be cultured and cryopreserved for future use. Tissue engineering potentially offers ...
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. [8] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output. [9] This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute. [10] [11] [12]
A decrease in circulation in the brain vasculature due to stroke or injury can lead to a condition known as ischemia. In general, decrease in blood flow to the brain can be a result of thrombosis causing a partial or full blockage of blood vessels, hypotension in systemic circulation (and consequently the brain), or cardiac arrest. This ...
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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood. [1]