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Emotional development. ... Sensory development. Focuses on things about 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) away. ... that 3- to 5-month-old infants can be taught ...
In the classic visual cliff experiments, 12-month-old babies who were separated from their mothers by a plexiglass floor that appeared to represent a dangerous “cliff” looked to their mothers for a cue. [11] When mothers responded to their infants with facial expressions signaling encouragement and happiness, most infants crossed over the ...
Emotional development is a lifelong process and these skills develop at an early age. [27] In the early years, children develop basic emotions such as joy,fear, sadness, anger, interest and surprise. [28] The relationship with the primary caregivers plays a crucial role in the emotional development of young children.
By about 8–12 months, they go through a fairly rapid change and become fearful of perceived threats. [112] By around 6–36 months, infants begin to prefer familiar people and show anxiety and distress when separated from them, and when approached by strangers. [113] Separation anxiety is a typical stage of development to an extent.
Therefore, the stress response may be activated from weeks to months or even years. [4] Prolonged stress leads to adverse effects such as permanent emotional or developmental damage. [4] If sufficient support is not available, this type of stress can result in permanent changes in brain development. [4]
However, babies as young as seven minutes old prefer to look at faces. The three primary achievements of this stage are sucking, visual tracking, and hand closure. [8] 1–4 months: Primary circular reactions – Babies notice objects and start following their movements. They continue to look where an object was, but for only a few moments.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development there are four stages of cognitive development. [8] [9] Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 24 Months) Preoperational Stage (24 Months to 7 Years) Concrete Operational Stage (7 Years to 12 Years) Formal Operational Stage (12 Years and Up)
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]