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A patella fracture is a break of the kneecap. [1] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. [1] A person may also be unable to walk. [1] Complications may include injury to the tibia, femur, or knee ligaments. [2] It typically results from a hard blow to the front of the knee or falling on the knee. [1]
A tibial plateau fracture is a break of the upper part of the tibia (shinbone) that involves the knee joint. [1] This could involve the medial, lateral, central, or bicondylar (medial and lateral). [3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the knee. [1] People are generally unable to walk. [2]
Risk factors include patellar tendinitis, kidney failure, diabetes, and steroid or fluoroquinolone use. [1] [2] There are two main types of ruptures: partial and complete. [1] In most cases, the patellar tendon tears at the point where it attaches to the knee cap. [1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and medical imaging. [1]
Patellar overload syndrome, runner's knee, [1] retropatellar pain syndrome [1] Diagram of the bones of the lower extremity. Rough distribution of areas affected by PFPS highlighted in red: patella and distal femur. Specialty: Orthopedics, sports medicine: Symptoms: Pain in the front of the knee [1] Usual onset: Gradual [2] Causes: Unclear [1 ...
Articular cartilage has a very limited capacity for self repair. Small damage does not repair itself and can often get worse over time. As cartilage is aneural and avascular (lack of nerve and blood supply, respectively), shallow damage often does not trigger pain.
A Segond fracture seen on X-ray. As the injury may have self-reduced before arrival at hospital, the diagnosis may not be readily apparent. [2] Diagnosis may be suspected based on the history of the injury and physical examination [5] which may include anterior drawer test, valgus stress test, varus stress test, and posterior sag test. [5]
Studies show that increased levels of hyperphosphorylated tau are associated with worse cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Because amyloid-beta tends to arrive on the scene earlier than NFTs ...
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. [5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. [1] [2] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [1] Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis. [3]