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An odorant is a physiochemical molecule that binds to a specific receptor protein. [1] In mammals, each olfactory receptor protein has one type of molecule that it responds to, known as the one-olfactory-one-neuron rule, and approximately one thousand kinds of which have been identified. [2]
The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.The olfactory nerves consist of a collection of many sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, passing through the many openings of the cribriform plate, a sieve-like structure of the ethmoid bone.
V 1 (ophthalmic nerve) is located in the superior orbital fissure V 2 (maxillary nerve) is located in the foramen rotundum. V 3 (mandibular nerve) is located in the foramen ovale. Receives sensation from the face, mouth and nasal cavity, and innervates the muscles of mastication. VI Abducens: Mainly motor Nuclei lying under the floor of the ...
The uncus houses the olfactory cortex which includes the piriform cortex (posterior orbitofrontal cortex), amygdala, olfactory tubercle, and parahippocampal gyrus. The olfactory tubercle connects to numerous areas of the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, brain stem, retina, auditory cortex, and olfactory system. In total it has 27 ...
The olfactory system is the pathway between the nose and the brain. The system detects smell by processing the tiny odor molecules that waft off of various objects, such as baking bread or a ...
Glomeruli are important waystations in the pathway from the nose to the olfactory cortex and have been found to be critical for odorant signal transduction. The olfactory receptor neurons (ORN), which originate in the nasal epithelium express only one type of olfactory receptor (OR). These ORNs then project their axons to the olfactory bulb.
Areas 1 and 2 receive most of their input from area 3. There are also pathways for proprioception (via the cerebellum), and motor control (via Brodmann area 4). See also: S2 Secondary somatosensory cortex. The human eye is the first element of a sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system.
The accessory olfactory bulb resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb and forms a parallel pathway. Destruction of the olfactory bulb results in ipsilateral anosmia, while irritative lesions of the uncus can result in olfactory and gustatory hallucinations. Flow of olfactory information from receptors to glomeruli layer