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Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the solution are ...
The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...
A serial dilution is the step-wise dilution of a substance in solution, either by using a constant dilution factor, or by using a variable factor between dilutions. If the dilution factor at each step is constant, this results in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion.
The result is that in dilute ideal solutions, the extent of boiling-point elevation is directly proportional to the molal concentration (amount of substance per mass) of the solution according to the equation: [2] ΔT b = K b · b c. where the boiling point elevation, is defined as T b (solution) − T b (pure solvent).
The heat of dilution can be defined from two perspectives: the differential heat and the integral heat. The differential heat of dilution is viewed on a micro scale, which is associated with the process in which a small amount of solvent is added to a large quantity of solution. The molar differential heat of dilution is thus defined as the enthalpy
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [2] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [3]
Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of solution.The SI unit of normality is equivalents per liter (Eq/L). = where N is normality, m sol is the mass of solute in grams, EW sol is the equivalent weight of solute, and V soln is the volume of the entire solution in liters.
The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g. by adding