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The RALES trial established spironolactone as a vital component of therapy for patients with severe heart failure, demonstrating significant reductions in mortality and hospitalization and improvements in symptoms. The trial's findings have been instrumental in shaping current heart failure treatment guidelines and improving patient outcomes.
N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) is the favored biomarker for the diagnosis of heart failure, according to guidelines published 2018 by NICE in the UK. [3] Brain natriuretic peptide 32 (BNP) is another biomarker commonly tested for heart failure. [74] [6] [75] An elevated NT-proBNP or BNP is a specific test indicative of heart failure ...
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a diuretic medication primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. [4] It is also used in the treatment of high blood pressure , and low blood potassium that does not improve with supplementation , early puberty in boys, acne ...
Sleep apnea is an under-recognized risk factor for heart failure. Uncontrolled sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart failure by up to 140%. [4] Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown ...
There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005, [11] 410 in the 19th list in 2015, [10] 433 in the 20th list in 2017, [12] [13] 460 in the 21st list in 2019, [14] [15] [16] and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021. [17] [18] Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications.
In 2014, the American Heart Association issued its first guidelines for preventing strokes in women. [1] Just as heart attack systems differ between men and women, men and women also face different stroke risks. For women, the guidelines for preventing strokes focus on factors such as birth control, pregnancy, and depression. [1]
Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and can reduce the likelihood of dementia ...
[30] [70] [71] [72] Although spironolactone is said to be a relatively weak inhibitor of 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase, [73] [30] at least compared to more potent steroidogenesis inhibitors like ketoconazole and abiraterone acetate (which can reduce testosterone concentrations to castrate levels), this action may contribute to a significant ...