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Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.
Microwaves travel by line-of-sight; unlike lower frequency radio waves, they do not diffract around hills, follow the earth's surface as ground waves, or reflect from the ionosphere, so terrestrial microwave communication links are limited by the visual horizon to about 40 miles (64 km). At the high end of the band, they are absorbed by gases ...
By the late 1960s, almost all of the population of North America was linked using TD-2 and TH. Television signals moved to satellite distribution in the 1970s and 80s, and the network was mostly used for telephone from that time. During the late 1980s and especially 1990s, the installation of fibre optic lines replaced the microwave networks ...
Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .
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Onion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network. In an onion network , messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption , analogous to the layers of an onion . The encrypted data is transmitted through a series of network nodes called " onion routers ," each of which "peels" away a single layer, revealing the ...
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In radio-frequency engineering and communications engineering, a waveguide is a hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves. [1] This type of waveguide is used as a transmission line mostly at microwave frequencies, for such purposes as connecting microwave transmitters and receivers to their antennas, in equipment such as microwave ovens, radar sets, satellite communications, and microwave ...