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Consumption is an affine function of income, C = a + bY where the slope coefficient b is called the marginal propensity to consume. If any of the components of aggregate demand, a, I p or G rises, for a given level of income, Y, the aggregate demand curve shifts up and the intersection of the AD curve with the 45-degree line shifts right ...
The line at 45 degrees thus represents perfect equality of incomes. The Gini coefficient can then be thought of as the ratio of the area that lies between the line of equality and the Lorenz curve (marked A in the diagram) over the total area under the line of equality (marked A and B in the diagram); i.e., G = A/(A + B).
A good's price elasticity of demand (, PED) is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded is to its price.When the price rises, quantity demanded falls for almost any good (law of demand), but it falls more for some than for others.
Control charts are graphical plots used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions. (ISO 7870-1) [1] The hourly status is arranged on the graph, and the occurrence of abnormalities is judged based on the presence of data that differs from the conventional trend or deviates from the control limit line.
Graphical representation of the consumption function, where a is autonomous consumption (affected by interest rates, consumer expectations, etc.), b is the marginal propensity to consume and Yd is disposable income. In economics, the consumption function describes a relationship between consumption and disposable income.
Price-consumption curves are constructed by taking the intersection points between a series of indifference curves and their corresponding budget lines as the price of one of the two goods changes. [1] Price-consumption curves are used to connect concepts of utility, indifference curves, and budget lines to supply-demand models. [1]
In figure 3, the income–consumption curve bends back on itself as with an increase income, the consumer demands more of X 2 and less of X 1. [3] The income–consumption curve in this case is negatively sloped and the income elasticity of demand will be negative. [4] Also the price effect for X 2 is positive, while it is negative for X 1. [3]
An early graphing calculator was designed in 1921 by electrical engineer Edith Clarke. [1] [2] [3] The calculator was used to solve problems with electrical power line transmission. [4] Casio produced the first commercially available graphing calculator in 1985. Sharp produced its first graphing calculator in 1986, with Hewlett Packard ...