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Beringia sea levels (blues) and land elevations (browns) measured in metres from 21,000 years ago to present. Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72° north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula. [1]
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of maternal (mtDNA) gene-flow in and out of Beringia (long chronology, single source model). The Ancient Beringian (AB) is a human archaeogenetic lineage, based on the genome of an infant found at the Upward Sun River site (dubbed USR1), dated to 11,500 years ago. [1]
Reenactment of a Viking landing in L'Anse aux Meadows. Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories are speculative theories which propose that visits to the Americas, interactions with the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or both, were made by people from elsewhere prior to Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492. [1]
Beringia is in the Bering tundra ecoregion. The region experiences a Subarctic climate, without dry season (Köppen climate classification Subarctic climate (Dfc)).This climate is characterized by mild summers (only 1–3 months above 10 °C (50.0 °F)) and cold, snowy winters (coldest month below −3 °C (26.6 °F)).
Dated to around 11,500 BP, [1] Upward Sun River is the site of the oldest human remains discovered on the American side of Beringia. [2] The site was first discovered in 2006. The layer with the human remains at Upward Sun River is most similar to the level 6 layer from Ushki Lake, Kamchatka.
Archeologists disagree [6] whether it was across this Bering Land Bridge, also called Beringia, that humans first migrated from Asia to populate the Americas, [5] [7] or whether it was via a coastal route. [8] Bering Land Bridge National Monument was established in 1978 by Presidential proclamation under the authority of the Antiquities Act. [9]
The coastal migration hypothesis is one of two leading hypothesis about the settlement of the Americas at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum.It proposes one or more migration routes involving watercraft, via the Kurile island chain, along the coast of Beringia and the archipelagos off the Alaskan-British Columbian coast, continuing down the coast to Central and South America.
The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is a research and exhibition facility located at km 1423 (Mile 886) on the Alaska Highway in Whitehorse, Yukon, ...