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A stone wall in France with lime mortar grouting being applied. Right: unapplied. Centre: lime mortar applied with a trowel. Left: lime mortar applied and then beaten back and brushed with a churn brush. Lime mortar or torching [1] [2] is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water.
Stone and brickwork bonded with lime is easier to re-use. Lime acts sacrificially in that it is weaker and breaks down more readily than the masonry, thus saving weaker stone such as sandstone and limestone from the harmful effects of temperature expansion and mortar freeze. It is less dense than cement, thus less cold bridging.
Tuckpointing was a way of achieving a similar effect using cheap, unrubbed bricks; these were laid in a mortar of a matching colour (initially red, but later, blue-black bricks and mortar were occasionally used) and a fine fillet of white material, usually pipe clay or putty, pushed into the joints before the mortar set. [4]
The word lime originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has the sense of sticking or adhering. [3] These materials are still used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, cement, concrete, and mortar), as chemical feedstocks, for sugar refining, and other uses. Lime industries and ...
Mortar holding weathered bricks. Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colours or patterns to masonry walls.
Traditionally, mortar was made with lime and sand, producing lime putty. In the early 20th century, masons began using Portland cement, a strong, fast drying cement.. Masonry cement made its appearance in the 1930s, which is a combination of Portland cement and ground lim
The first stone walls were constructed by farmers and primitive people by piling loose field stones into a dry stone wall. Later, mortar and plaster were used, especially in the construction of city walls, castles, and other fortifications before and during the Middle Ages. These stone walls are spread throughout the world in different forms.
It is possible that galleting is used when the local stone is not an easily worked freestone, which means that the stone is more irregular and therefore requires thick mortar joints. [1] In this case, gallets would serve as wedges to provide structural support to the stone and would shield the mortar from weather.
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