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The river water was contaminated with toxic metals including arsenic, copper, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and thallium. [2] Cleanup costs may exceed $1.2 billion. [3] A toxic heavy metal is a common but misleading term for a metal-like element noted for its potential toxicity. [4]
A study showed that 99.5% of the controlled food cans contain tin in an amount below that level. [4] However, un-lacquered tin cans with food of a low pH, such as fruits and pickled vegetables, can contain elevated concentrations of tin. [2] The toxic effects of tin compounds are based on its interference with iron and copper metabolism.
Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Metals in an oxidation state abnormal to the body may also become toxic: chromium(III) is an essential trace element, but chromium(VI) is a carcinogen. Only soluble metal-containing compounds are toxic.
Recent examples of heavy metal contamination and health risks include the occurrence of Minamata disease, in Japan (1932–1968; lawsuits ongoing as of 2016); [88] the Bento Rodrigues dam disaster in Brazil, [89] high levels of lead in drinking water supplied to the residents of Flint, Michigan, in the north-east of the United States [90] and ...
A silvery-colored metal, tin is soft enough to be cut with little force, [10] and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, the so-called "tin cry" can be heard as a result of twinning in tin crystals. [11] Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table of elements.
The deposition may lead to polluted water near the source, or at distances up to a few thousand miles away. The most frequently observed water pollutants resulting from industrial air deposition are sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, mercury compounds, other heavy metals, and some pesticides and industrial by-products.
Manufacturing process wastestreams, which can include conventional pollutants (i.e. controllable with secondary treatment systems), toxic pollutants (e.g. solvents, heavy metals), and other harmful compounds such as nutrients; Non-process wastestreams: boiler blowdown and cooling water, which produce thermal pollution and other pollutants
Tin medal affected by tin pest. Tin pest is an autocatalytic, allotropic transformation of the element tin, which causes deterioration of tin objects at low temperatures. Tin pest has also been called tin disease, [1] tin blight, tin plague, [2] or tin leprosy. [3] It is an autocatalytic process, accelerating once it begins.