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Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.
Depression may be related to abnormalities in the circadian rhythm, [22] or biological clock. A well synchronized circadian rhythm is critical for maintaining optimal health . Adverse changes and alterations in the circadian rhythm have been associated with various neurological disorders and mood disorders including depression.
However, there may be differences between cultures in prevalence of MDD due to cultural influences that "challenge the definition and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders", as seen in a study by Parker et al. that researched MDD in Chinese individuals. [10] Depressive disorder (also known as depression) is a common mental disorder. It involves a ...
The biological model of abnormality (the only model not based on psychological principles) is based on the assumptions that if the brain, neuroanatomy and related biochemicals are all physical entities and work together to mediate psychological processes, then treating any mental abnormality must be physical/biological.
Depression is common among those over 65 years of age and increases in frequency beyond this age. [30] The risk of depression increases in relation to the frailty of the individual. [280] Depression is one of the most important factors which negatively impact quality of life in adults, as well as the elderly. [30]
Depression is a major mental-health cause of disease burden. Its consequences further lead to significant burden in public health, including a higher risk of dementia, premature mortality arising from physical disorders, and maternal depression impacts on child growth and development. [68]
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