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The First French Empire [4] [a] or French Empire (French: Empire français; Latin: Imperium Francicum) and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
Imperial coat of arms Arms granted to Joseph Christophe Couin, made a baron de Granchamp et de l'Empire in 1808 Patent of nobility granted to artillery colonel François Cabau, who became baron de l'Empire in 1810. As Emperor of the French, Napoleon I created titles in a newly established noblesse impériale (imperial nobility) to institute a ...
Louis Napoleon accepted the decisions of his older brother, but the treaty of March 1810 was only the beginning of the end. On the 4th of July French troops captured Amsterdam. Louis Napoleon abdicated on July 1 in favour of his son. By Imperial Decree the Kingdom of Holland was abolished and incorporated in the French Empire. [14]
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions. The wars originated in political forces arising from the French Revolution (1789–1799) and from the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and produced a ...
Napoleon's armies conquered the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, occupied lands, and he forced Austria, Prussia, and Russia to ally with him and respect French hegemony in Europe. The United Kingdom refused to recognize French hegemony and continued the war throughout. The First French Empire began to unravel in 1812, when he decided to invade ...
Napoleon also made efforts to improve the health of the city, by building a canal to provide fresh water and by constructing sewers under the streets that he built, but their effects were limited. An abundant water supply, health standards for housing and efficient sewers did not arrive until Napoleon III and the Second Empire. [26]
The Emperor Napoleon attending the launch of the Friedland in Antwerp, modern-day Belgium, in 1810. Following the Battle of Austerlitz and the War of the Third Coalition, Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, annexed parts of Austria and certain German states to France, and formed the German states into the Confederation of the Rhine.
The Second French Empire, [a] officially the French Empire, [b] was the government of France from 2 December 1852 to 4 September 1870 between the Second and the Third French Republics. Ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) , the period was one of significant achievements in infrastructure and economy, while France reasserted itself ...