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Well drilling is the process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as ground water, brine, natural gas, or petroleum, for the injection of a fluid from surface to a subsurface reservoir or for subsurface formations evaluation or monitoring.
A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn up by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets that
Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the production tubing and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as required.
The well is created by drilling a hole 12 cm to 1 meter (5 in to 40 in) in diameter into the earth with a drilling rig that rotates a drill string with a bit attached. At depths during the process, sections of steel pipe ( casing ), slightly smaller in diameter than the borehole at that point, are placed in the hole.
Chinese well drilling technology was introduced to Europe in 1828. [3] A modernized variant of the ancient Chinese drilling technique was used by American businessman Edwin Drake to drill Pennsylvania's first oil well in 1859 using small steam engines to power the drilling process rather than by human muscle. [1]
Drilling engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering. [1] Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and economically as possible. [1] They work closely with the drilling contractor, service contractors, and compliance personnel, as well as with geologists and other technical specialists.
In the natural gas and petroleum industry, a relief well is drilled to intersect an oil or gas well that has experienced a blowout.Specialized liquid, such as heavy (dense) drilling mud followed by cement, can then be pumped down the relief well in order to stop the flow from the reservoir in the damaged well.
Well engineering consists of engineering facilitating the design and construction of a well. It is based on pore pressure , kick tolerance, casing functions, casing design and cementing. It is sometimes related to drilling and petroleum engineering .
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