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A biliary fistula is a type of fistula in which bile flows along an abnormal connection from the bile ducts into a nearby hollow structure. Types of biliary fistula include: bilioenteric fistula: abnormal connection to small bowel, usually duodenum. thoracobiliary fistula: abnormal connection to pleural space or bronchus (rare).
Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) is a surgical procedure to create an anastomosis, a surgical connection, between the common bile duct (CBD) and an alternative portion of the duodenum. [1] In healthy individuals, the CBD meets the pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater , which drains via the major duodenal papilla to the second part of duodenum. [ 2 ]
The presence of large stones, >2.5 cm in diameter, within the gallbladder are thought to predispose to fistula formation by gradual erosion through the gallbladder fundus. [1] Once a fistula has formed, a stone may travel from the gallbladder into the bowel and become lodged almost anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Obstruction occurs ...
The inflammation of cholecystitis can lead to adhesions between the gallbladder and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the duodenum. [13] These adhesions can lead to the formation of direct connections between the gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract, called fistulas. [13]
In anatomy, a fistula (pl.: fistulas or fistulae /-l i,-l aɪ /; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal flow of fluid from one space to the other.
Multiple and large gallstones can become impacted in the Hartmann's pouch of the gallbladder, leading to chronic inflammation—which leads to compression of the common bile duct (CBD), necrosis, fibrosis, and ultimately fistula formation into the adjacent common hepatic duct (CHD) or common bile duct (CBD).
Due to the fistula formation between the small intestine and gallbladder, large stones can lodge in the small bowel, leading to its obstruction. Pneumobilia means air in the biliary tract. It is due to the transfer of air from bowel through the fistula into the biliary tract. [citation needed]
The biliary tree (see below) is the whole network of various sized ducts branching through the liver.. The path is as follows: bile canaliculi → canals of Hering → interlobular bile ducts → intrahepatic bile ducts → left and right hepatic ducts merge to form → common hepatic duct exits liver and joins → cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming → common bile duct → joins with ...