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Emmy E. Werner (1929 – October 12, 2017) [1] was an American developmental psychologist known for her research on risk and resilience in children. Early life
Ann S. Masten (born January 27, 1951) is a professor at the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota known for her research on the development of resilience and for advancing theory on the positive outcomes of children and families facing adversity. [1]
Psychological resilience, or mental resilience, is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. [1]The term was popularized in the 1970s and 1980s by psychologist Emmy Werner as she conducted a forty-year-long study of a cohort of Hawaiian children who came from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
Researchers have proposed three different levels of stress seen in children during early childhood; positive, tolerable and toxic. [1] [9]Positive stress is necessary and promotes resilience, or the ability to function competently under threat. [13]
Many factors can account for the invulnerability displayed by certain children in response to adverse social conditions: gender, vulnerability, social support systems, and innate character traits. [4] Much of the research in this area has referred to the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE) study. The ACE study found several protective ...
“The evidence-based answer, coming from 40 or 50 years of research, ... Help Your Child Make Friends, Build Resilience, and Develop Real Self-Esteem. “And one without the other isn't going to ...
The term resilience gradually changed definitions and meanings, from a personality trait [4] [5] to a dynamic process of families, individuals, and communities. [2] [6] Family resilience emerged as scholars incorporated together ideas from general systems theory perspectives on families, family stress theory, and psychological resilience ...
Luthar's research involves vulnerability and resilience [2] among various populations including youth in poverty and children in families affected by mental illness. [3] [4] [5] Her studies of adolescents in high achieving schools (HASs), usually in relatively affluent communities, have revealed elevated problems in several areas, particularly substance use and emotional distress.