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Crusades include the traditional numbered crusades and other conflicts that prominent historians have identified as crusades. The scope of the term "crusade" first referred to military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
A descriptive geography of the Holy Land, with "facsimiles of all the quaint maps and illustrations" of the original edition. [65] Giovanni Careri. Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri (1651–1725), an Italian adventurer and traveler, among the first Europeans to tour the world by securing passage on merchant ships. Generally referred to as Gemelli.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
With all four of the states defeated and annexed, the survivors fled to the Kingdom of Cyprus, which had been established by the Third Crusade. The study of the Crusader states in their own right, as opposed to being a sub-topic of the Crusades , began in 19th-century France as an analogy to the French colonial experience in the Levant, though ...
It is a World Heritage Site. [1] This is a list of castles in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, founded or occupied during the Crusades. For crusader castles in Poland and the Baltic states, see Ordensburg. Sidon's Sea Castle built by the crusaders as a fortress of the Holy Land in Sidon, Lebanon.
The following is a list of crusader states that were independent during some point in history. ... Northern Crusades: 1226 1525 Hospitaller Rhodes [12] Hospitaller ...
A History of the Crusades, also known as the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, is one of the most important books on the Crusades. [1] The volumes, edited by Kenneth M. Setton, [2] were published by the University of Wisconsin Press from 1969 to 1989 and consist of 89 chapters written by 64 prominent historians covering nearly 5000 pages.
The chronology of the Crusades after 1400 provides a detailed timeline of the Crusades and considers the Crusades of the 15th century. This continues the chronology of the later Crusades through 1400. In the Middle East, the threats to the Christian West were from the Mamluks, the Timurids and the Ottomans. The latter would also threaten ...