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Permanent vein collapse occurs as a consequence of: Repeated injections, especially with blunt needles. Poor injection technique. [4] Injection of substances which irritate the veins; in particular, fluids that are hypertonic (high osmolality), vasoactive, irritants, with an extreme pH (very acidic or alkaline), [5] many chemotherapeutic drugs ...
Ultrasonography of suspected or previously confirmed chronic venous insufficiency of leg veins is a risk-free, non-invasive procedure. It gives information about the anatomy, physiology and pathology of mainly superficial veins.
Venous cutdown is an emergency procedure in which the vein is exposed surgically and then a cannula is inserted into the vein under direct vision. It is used for venous access in cases of trauma, and hypovolemic shock when the use of a peripheral venous catheter is either difficult or impossible. The great saphenous vein is most
With surgery operations such as popliteal bypass, there will be an increased probability of blood clot formation. In rare cases, a part of the clot in the leg breaks free and travels to the lungs, this is also known as a pulmonary embolism. A blockage in the blood vessels of the lung can be formed by pulmonary embolism, and this could cause ...
Superficial thrombophlebitis is a thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins presenting as a painful induration (thickening) with erythema, often in a linear or branching configuration with a cordlike appearance. [2]: 826–7 [3] Superficial thrombophlebitis is due to inflammation and/or thrombosis, and, less commonly, infection of the
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
However research has shown that there is a clear association between the presence of IPVs and recurrent varicose veins. [8] Before 1985, the ligation of IPVs needed open surgery. In 1985, G. Hauer described the Sub-fascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) technique [9] allowing IPVs to be clipped through a small incision.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been in practice since the 1960s. Historically, vessels—such as the great saphenous vein in the leg or the radial artery in the arm—were obtained using a traditional "open" procedure that required a single, long incision from groin to ankle, or a "bridging" technique that used three or four smaller incisions.