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As defined by the Austrian School of economics the marginal use of a good or service is the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase, or the specific use of the good or service that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. [1] The usefulness of the marginal use thus corresponds to the marginal utility of the good or ...
Marginal or peripheral populations are those found at the boundary of the range. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] When the distribution of a species is changing, the leading edge populations are at the expanding geographic edge of the distribution range whilst rear edge populations are undergoing retreat.
The more general conception of utility is that of use or usefulness, and this conception is at the heart of marginalism; the term "marginal utility" arose from translation of the German "Grenznutzen", [2] [3] which literally means border use, referring directly to the marginal use, and the more general formulations of marginal utility do not ...
The Marginal Value Theorem is an optimality model that describes the strategy that maximizes gain per unit time in systems where resources, and thus rate of returns, decrease with time. [2] The model weighs benefits and costs and is used to predict giving up time and giving up density.
A marginal benefit is a benefit (howsoever ranked or measured) associated with a marginal change. The term “marginal cost” may refer to an opportunity cost at the margin, or more narrowly to marginal pecuniary cost — that is to say marginal cost measured by forgone cash flow. Other marginal concepts include (but are not limited to ...
Figure 3. Marginal value theorem shown graphically. The marginal value theorem is a type of optimality model that is often applied to optimal foraging. This theorem is used to describe a situation in which an organism searching for food in a patch must decide when it is economically favorable to leave.
Within economics, margin is a concept used to describe the current level of consumption or production of a good or service. [1] Margin also encompasses various concepts within economics, denoted as marginal concepts, which are used to explain the specific change in the quantity of goods and services produced and consumed.
The ecological meaning of niche comes from the meaning of niche as a recess in a wall for a statue, [7] which itself is probably derived from the Middle French word nicher, meaning to nest. [ 8 ] [ 7 ] The term was coined by the naturalist Roswell Hill Johnson [ 9 ] but Joseph Grinnell was probably the first to use it in a research program in ...