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A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. [1] The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. [2]
Design is limited by several factors, including funding, government regulations, and safety standards. These constraints dictate a plant's choice of process, materials, and equipment. [23] Plant construction is coordinated by project engineers and project managers, [24] depending on the size of the investment. A chemical engineer may do the job ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
These amounts can be scaled up or down to suit the desired capacity or operation of a particular chemical plant built for such a process. More than one chemical plant may use the same chemical process, each plant perhaps at differently scaled capacities. Chemical processes like distillation and crystallization go back to alchemy in Alexandria ...
Process engineering activities can be divided into the following disciplines: [7] Process design: synthesis of energy recovery networks, synthesis of distillation systems (), synthesis of reactor networks, hierarchical decomposition flowsheets, superstructure optimization, design multiproduct batch plants, design of the production reactors for the production of plutonium, design of nuclear ...
An outline of key instrumentation is shown on Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) which indicate the principal equipment and the flow of fluids in the plant. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) provide details of all the equipment (vessels, pumps, etc), piping and instrumentation on the plant in a symbolic and diagrammatic form.
Cut-away view of a stirred-tank chemical reactor with a cooling jacket Chemical reactor with half coils wrapped around it. The most common basic types of chemical reactors are tanks (where the reactants mix in the whole volume) and pipes or tubes (for laminar flow reactors and plug flow reactors)
Arthur Dehon Little developed the concept of "unit operations" to explain industrial chemistry processes in 1916. [1] In 1923, William H. Walker, Warren K. Lewis and William H. McAdams wrote the book The Principles of Chemical Engineering and explained that the variety of chemical industries have processes which follow the same physical laws. [2]