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(this associates distinct numbers to all finite sets of natural numbers); then comparison of k-combinations can be done by comparing the associated binary numbers. In the example C and C ′ correspond to numbers 1001011001 2 = 601 10 and 1010001011 2 = 651 10 , which again shows that C comes before C ′.
The number of k-combinations for all k is the number of subsets of a set of n elements. There are several ways to see that this number is 2 n . In terms of combinations, ∑ 0 ≤ k ≤ n ( n k ) = 2 n {\textstyle \sum _{0\leq {k}\leq {n}}{\binom {n}{k}}=2^{n}} , which is the sum of the n th row (counting from 0) of the binomial coefficients in ...
The list of all single-letter-single-digit combinations contains 520 ... A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A-0 A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 A-8 A-9 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 ...
This would have been the first attempt on record to solve a difficult problem in permutations and combinations. [4] Al-Khalil (717–786), an Arab mathematician and cryptographer, wrote the Book of Cryptographic Messages. It contains the first use of permutations and combinations, to list all possible Arabic words with and without vowels. [5]
Rather, as explained under combinations, the number of n-multicombinations from a set with x elements can be seen to be the same as the number of n-combinations from a set with x + n − 1 elements. This reduces the problem to another one in the twelvefold way, and gives as result
No. 32 appeared most often — 173 times — among the first five balls drawn in winning combinations, followed by the No. 39 in 163 combinations, according to data.
The permutations that avoid the generalized patterns 12-3, 32-1, 3-21, 1-32, 3-12, 21-3, and 23-1 are also counted by the Bell numbers. [4] The permutations in which every 321 pattern (without restriction on consecutive values) can be extended to a 3241 pattern are also counted by the Bell numbers. [5]
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