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[228] [229] Still standing today in the Roman Forum is the Arch of Titus, constructed shortly after Titus' death in 81 CE along the Via Sacra, the city's main thoroughfare. [ 230 ] [ 227 ] According to its inscription, the arch was dedicated by the Senate and People of Rome to the deified Titus and his father, the deified Vespasian. [ 230 ]
The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
Jerusalem becomes City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. [3] c. 962 BCE: biblical King Solomon builds the First Temple. c. 931–930 BCE: Solomon dies, and the Golden Age of Israel ends. Jerusalem becomes the capital of the (southern) Kingdom of Judah led by Rehoboam after the split of the United Monarchy.
Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC): Pompey conquered Jerusalem and entered the Holy of Holies of the Second Temple. Cicero was elected consul. Second Catilinarian conspiracy: A conspiracy led by the senator Catiline to overthrow the Republic was exposed before the Senate. The five conspirators present were summarily executed in the Mamertine Prison. 60 BC
Siege and destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, painted c. 1504. According to the article on Rome in The Jewish Encyclopedia, [5] Jews have lived in Rome for over 2,000 years, longer than in any other European city. They originally went there from Alexandria, drawn by the lively commercial intercourse between those two cities.
Herod the Great's siege of Jerusalem (37 or 36 BC) [i] was the final step in his campaign to secure the throne of Judea. Aided by Roman forces provided by Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Herod was able to capture the city and depose Antigonus II Mattathias , ending Hasmonean rule.
Rome renamed the province from Judaea to Syria Palaestina and banned Jews from living in Jerusalem and its vicinity. While Jewish communities had existed outside Judea before the revolts, the aftermath of the wars led to a significant shift in the center of Jewish population and cultural life from the Land of Israel to the diaspora.
Jerusalem prospered during both the Byzantine period and in the early time period, but under the rule of the Fatimid caliphate beginning in the late 10th century saw its population decrease from about 200,000 to less than half that number by the time of the Christian conquest in 1099. The Siege of Jerusalem by the Crusaders saw much of the ...