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Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, whereas miglitol resembles a monosaccharide. Miglitol is fairly well absorbed by the body, as opposed to acarbose. Moreover, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to alpha-glucosidase, and is degraded by gut bacterial maltogenic alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrinase. [4] [5]
Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels. [ 1 ]
Diabetes: Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, competitively and reversibly inhibits α-glucosidase in the intestines. This inhibition lowers the rate of glucose absorption through delayed carbohydrate digestion and extended digestion time. Acarbose may be able to prevent the development of diabetic symptoms. [20]
Acarbose degradation is the unique feature of glycoside hydrolases in gut microbiota, acarbose degrading glucosidase, which hydrolyze acarbose into an acarviosine-glucose and glucose. [17] Human enzymes do transform acarbose: the pancreatic alpha-amylase is able to perform a rearrangement reaction , moving the glucose unit in the "tail" maltose ...
The pharmacological definition cannot apply to these substances because utilization and absorption is a function of the nutritional status and physiological state of the subject, [10] resulting in even greater differences from individual to individual (inter-individual variation). Therefore, bioavailability for dietary supplements can be ...
Labeled diagram of the small intestine and its surrounding structures. The small intestine is divided into three structural parts. The duodenum is a short structure ranging from 20–25 cm (8–10 in) in length, and shaped like a "C". [12] It surrounds the head of the pancreas.
Low AMPK Levels: Every overweight or obese individual in the study demonstrated low AMPK activity, making it harder for their bodies to process carbs as fuel. High AMPK in Healthy Individuals : Conversely, participants with healthy body weights showed elevated AMPK function, leading to more efficient carb utilization, improved energy, and ...
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus.The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.