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Just as in chemistry, the characteristic property of a material will serve to identify a sample, or in the study of materials, structures and properties will determine characterization, in mathematics there is a continual effort to express properties that will distinguish a desired feature in a theory or system. Characterization is not unique ...
Purely inseparable extensions do occur naturally; for example, they occur in algebraic geometry over fields of prime characteristic. If K is a field of characteristic p , and if V is an algebraic variety over K of dimension greater than zero, the function field K ( V ) is a purely inseparable extension over the subfield K ( V ) p of p th powers ...
For example, the field of rational numbers Q has characteristic 0 since no positive integer n is zero. Otherwise, if there is a positive integer n satisfying this equation, the smallest such positive integer can be shown to be a prime number .
In the example above, the discriminant of the number field () with x 3 − x − 1 = 0 is −23, and as we have seen the 23-adic place ramifies. The Dedekind discriminant tells us it is the only ultrametric place that does.
In mathematics and physics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, who first studied its properties.This is often written as = or =, where = = is the Laplace operator, [note 1] is the divergence operator (also symbolized "div"), is the gradient operator (also symbolized "grad"), and (,,) is a twice-differentiable real-valued function.
Non-Archimedean local fields of characteristic p (for p any given prime number): the field of formal Laurent series F q ((T)) over a finite field F q, where q is a power of p. In particular, of importance in number theory, classes of local fields show up as the completions of algebraic number fields with respect to their discrete valuation ...
In mathematics, the method of characteristics is a technique for solving partial differential equations. Typically, it applies to first-order equations , though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation .
This equation, stated by Euler in 1758, [3] is known as Euler's polyhedron formula. [4] It corresponds to the Euler characteristic of the sphere (i.e. = ), and applies identically to spherical polyhedra. An illustration of the formula on all Platonic polyhedra is given below.