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This equation, Bragg's law, describes the condition on θ for constructive interference. [12] A map of the intensities of the scattered waves as a function of their angle is called a diffraction pattern. Strong intensities known as Bragg peaks are obtained in the diffraction pattern when the scattering angles satisfy Bragg condition.
The angle between the beam axis and the ring is called the scattering angle and in X-ray crystallography always denoted as 2θ (in scattering of visible light the convention is usually to call it θ). In accordance with Bragg's law, each ring corresponds to a particular reciprocal lattice vector G in the sample crystal. This leads to the ...
Scattering also includes the interaction of billiard balls on a table, the Rutherford scattering (or angle change) of alpha particles by gold nuclei, the Bragg scattering (or diffraction) of electrons and X-rays by a cluster of atoms, and the inelastic scattering of a fission fragment as it traverses a thin foil.
Davisson–Germer experiment; Gold foil experiments, performed by Geiger and Marsden for Rutherford which discovered the atomic nucleus; Elucidation of the structure of DNA by X-ray crystallography; Discovery of the antiproton at the Bevatron; Discovery of W and Z bosons at CERN; Discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider; MINERνA
An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency). They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectroscopy for frequency control.
In X-ray crystallography, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is the analysis of Bragg peaks scattered to wide angles, which (by Bragg's law) are caused by sub-nanometer-sized structures. [1] It is an X-ray-diffraction [2] method and commonly used to determine a range of information about crystalline materials.
A replica of an apparatus used by Geiger and Marsden to measure alpha particle scattering in a 1913 experiment. The Rutherford scattering experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists learned that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated.
Bragg diffraction from crystals, used in inelastic scattering experiments (neutron backscattering, X-ray backscattering spectroscopy); Compton scattering, used in Backscatter X-ray imaging. Stimulated backscatter, observed in non-linear optics, and described by a class of solutions to the three-wave equation.