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This sample rate has become the standard rate for professional audio. [2] Until recently [ when? ] , sample rate conversion between 44,100 Hz and 48,000 Hz was complicated by the high ratio number between the rates of these as the lowest common denominator of 44,100 and 48,000 is 147:160, but with modern [ vague ] technology this conversion is ...
When is normalized with reference to the sampling rate as ′ =, the normalized Nyquist angular frequency is π radians/sample. The following table shows examples of normalized frequency for f = 1 {\displaystyle f=1} kHz , f s = 44100 {\displaystyle f_{s}=44100} samples/second (often denoted by 44.1 kHz ), and 4 normalization conventions:
Method 2 will work in more general cases, e.g. where the ratio of sample rates is not rational, or two real-time streams must be accommodated, or the sample rates are time-varying. See decimation and upsampling for further information on sample-rate conversion filter design/implementation.
The sampling frequency or sampling rate, , is the average number of samples obtained in one second, thus = /, with the unit samples per second, sometimes referred to as hertz, for example 48 kHz is 48,000 samples per second.
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is an essential principle for digital signal processing linking the frequency range of a signal and the sample rate required to avoid a type of distortion called aliasing. The theorem states that the sample rate must be at least twice the bandwidth of the signal to avoid aliasing.
The DVD format uses the 48 kHz sampling rate, and its doublings. In digital audio, 48,000 Hz (also represented as 48 kHz or DVD Quality) is a common sampling rate. It has become the standard for professional audio and video. 48 kHz is evenly divisible by 24, a common frame rate for media, such as film, unlike 44.1 kHz. [i]
High-resolution audio (high-definition audio or HD audio) is a term for audio files with greater than 44.1 kHz sample rate or higher than 16-bit audio bit depth. It commonly refers to 96 or 192 kHz sample rates. However, 44.1 kHz/24-bit, 48 kHz/24-bit and 88.2 kHz/24-bit recordings also exist that are labeled HD audio.
[5] [33] While two channels (stereo) is the most common format, systems can support up to 8 audio channels (7.1 surround) [2] [3] or more. Common sampling frequencies are 48 kHz as used with DVD format videos, or 44.1 kHz as used in CDs. Sampling frequencies of 96 kHz or 192 kHz can be used on some equipment, but the benefits have been debated.
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