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The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in the region of Syria.Throughout ancient times the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic was occupied and ruled by several empires, including the Sumerians, Mitanni, Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Arameans, Amorites, Persians, Greeks ...
Several sources indicate that the name Syria itself is derived from Luwian term "Sura/i", and the derivative ancient Greek name: Σύριοι, Sýrioi, or Σύροι, Sýroi, both of which originally derived from Aššūrāyu in northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq and greater Syria [4] [5] [8] [9] For Herodotus in the 5th century BC, Syria extended as far north as the Halys (the modern ...
The Northern Syrian Provinces, or Cilicia and Upper Mesopotamia, are areas of Ottoman Syria that were annexed to Turkiye. In 1921, the Ankara Agreement was finalised between France and the Turkish national government in exchange for Turkey's recognition of the French mandate over Syria .
The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. Damascus and Aleppo are cities of great cultural significance. Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital for the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt.
Ebla's first kingdom is an example of early Syrian centralized states, [235] and is considered one of the earliest empires by scholars, [40] [236] such as Samuel Finer, [149] and Karl Moore, who consider it the first-recorded world power. [237]
Map of Damascus in 1855. The old city of Damascus (Arabic: دِمَشْق ٱلْقَدِيمَة, romanized: Dimašq al-Qadīmah) is the historic city centre of Damascus, Syria. The old city, which is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, [1] contains numerous archaeological sites, including some historical churches and ...