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Acarbose degradation is the unique feature of glycoside hydrolases in gut microbiota, acarbose degrading glucosidase, which hydrolyze acarbose into an acarviosine-glucose and glucose. [17] Human enzymes do transform acarbose: the pancreatic alpha-amylase is able to perform a rearrangement reaction , moving the glucose unit in the "tail" maltose ...
Acarbose is an oligosaccharide, whereas miglitol resembles a monosaccharide. Miglitol is fairly well absorbed by the body, as opposed to acarbose. Moreover, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to alpha-glucosidase, and is degraded by gut bacterial maltogenic alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrinase. [4] [5]
The primary side-effect is hypoglycemia, which appears to happen more commonly with sulfonylureas than with other treatments. [27] A Cochrane systematic review from 2011 showed that treatment with Sulfonylureas did not improve control of glucose levels more than insulin at 3 nor 12 months of treatment. [28]
After hypoglycemia in a person is identified, rapid treatment is necessary and can be life-saving. [1] The main goal of treatment is to raise blood glucose back to normal levels, which is done through various ways of administering glucose, depending on the severity of the hypoglycemia, what is on-hand to treat, and who is administering the ...
It was found that acarbose appeared to reduce incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 when compared to placebo; however, there was no conclusive evidence that acarbose compared to diet and exercise, metformin, placebo, no intervention improved all-cause mortality, reduced or increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, serious or non-serious ...
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) if you take an insulin secretagogue or insulin. Diabetic retinopathy complications (an eye disease) Hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylaxis and angioedema (swelling)
Severe hypoglycemia rarely, if ever, occurs in people with diabetes treated only with diet, exercise, or insulin sensitizers. For people with insulin-requiring diabetes, hypoglycemia is one of the recurrent hazards of treatment. It limits the achievability of normal glucoses with current treatment methods.
Hypoglycemia is a recognized complication of insulin treatment used in diabetes. [27] An acute presentation can include mild symptoms such as sweating, trembling, and palpitations, to more serious effects including impaired cognition, confusion, seizures, coma, and rarely death. [27]