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The Ship Sarcophagus: a Phoenician ship carved on a sarcophagus, 2nd century AD.. The theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas suggests that the earliest Old World contact with the Americas was not with Columbus or Norse settlers, but with the Phoenicians (or, alternatively, other Semitic peoples) in the first millennium BC.
Map showing the maritime expansions of the Phoenician civilization across the Mediterranean Basin, starting from around 800 BC. Phoenicianism is a form of Lebanese nationalism that apprizes and presents ancient Phoenicia as the chief ethno-cultural foundation of the Lebanese people.
In 1996, Mark McMenamin proposed that Phoenician sailors discovered the New World c. 350 BC. [105] The Phoenician state of Carthage minted gold staters in 350 BC bearing a pattern in the reverse exergue of the coins, which McMenamin initially interpreted as a map of the Mediterranean with the Americas shown to the west across the Atlantic.
Phoenician art was largely centered on ornamental objects, particularly jewelry, pottery, glassware, and reliefs. Large sculptures were rare; figurines were more common. Phoenician goods have been found from Spain and Morocco to Russia and Iraq; much of what is known about Phoenician art is based on excavations outside Phoenicia proper.
The name Phoenician is by convention given to inscriptions beginning around 1050 BC, because Phoenician, Hebrew, and other Canaanite dialects were largely indistinguishable before that time. [ 27 ] [ 47 ] The so-called Ahiram epitaph , engraved on the sarcophagus of King Ahiram from about 1000 BC, shows a fully developed Phoenician script.
Phoenicians may have discovered the dye as early as 1750 BC. [85] The Phoenicians established a second production center for the dye in Mogador, in present-day Morocco. [86] The Phoenicians' exclusive command over the production and trade of the dye, combined with the labor-intensive extraction process, made it very expensive.
The Treaty of Lutatius was the agreement between Carthage and Rome of 241 BC (amended in 237 BC), that ended the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict. Most of the fighting during the war took place on, or in the waters around, the island of Sicily and in 241 BC a Carthaginian fleet was defeated by a Roman fleet commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus while attempting to lift the blockade of ...
Restoration of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Enchodus, or the "saber-toothed herring" †Enchodus †Episcoposaurus – type locality for genus †Episcoposaurus haplocerus – type locality for species †Epitonium †Epitonium sillimani †Eubostrychoceras †Eucalycoceras †Eugyra †Euhoplites – tentative report †Eulima ...