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For a source right behind the lens, θ S = 0, the lens equation for a point mass gives a characteristic value for θ 1 that is called the Einstein angle, denoted θ E. When θ E is expressed in radians, and the lensing source is sufficiently far away, the Einstein Radius, denoted R E, is given by =. [2]
An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure. [2] The geometry of a complete Einstein ring, as caused by a gravitational lens. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius.
Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope have made precise tests of general relativity on galactic scales. The nearby galaxy ESO 325-G004 acts as a strong gravitational lens, distorting light from a distant galaxy behind it to create an Einstein ring around its centre. By comparing the mass of ESO 325-G004 (from ...
Gravitational lensing's modern theoretical framework was established with works by Yu Klimov (1963), Sidney Liebes (1964), and Sjur Refsdal (1964). [1] Gravitational lensing was first observed in 1979, in the form of a quasar lensed by a foreground galaxy.
The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light , Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.
Einstein cross: four images of the same astronomical object, produced by a gravitational lens The deflection of light by gravity is responsible for a new class of astronomical phenomena. If a massive object is situated between the astronomer and a distant target object with appropriate mass and relative distances, the astronomer will see ...
Einstein in 1916 proposed the existence of gravitational waves as an outgrowth of his ground-breaking general theory of relativity, which depicted gravity as a distortion of space and time ...
In a similar way, Einstein predicted the gravitational deflection of light: in a gravitational field, light is deflected downward, to the center of the gravitational field. Quantitatively, his results were off by a factor of two; the correct derivation requires a more complete formulation of the theory of general relativity, not just the ...