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  2. Per-unit system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-unit_system

    In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. . Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to t

  3. Dynamic line rating for electric utilities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_line_rating_for...

    They are based on "steady-state (equilibrium) ampacity" calculations. Emergency ratings are based on transient equations and models: they provide permissible overload ratings for a short and adjustable time (typically 5 to 30 minutes). Forecasting methods have been developed to determine intraday and day-ahead ampacity forecasts.

  4. List of IEC standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards

    IEC 60853 Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables; IEC TR 60854 Methods of measuring the performance of ultrasonic pulse-echo diagnostic equipment; IEC 60855 Live working – Insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods; IEC 60856 Prerecorded optical reflective video disk system 'Laser vision' 50 Hz/625 lines – PAL

  5. Power rating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_rating

    Average power calculation rating depends on some assumptions about how the device is going to be used. For example, the EIA rating method for loudspeakers uses a shaped noise signal that simulates music and allows peak excursion of 6 dB, so an EIA rating of 50 Watts corresponds to 200 Watts peak rating.

  6. Load profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_Profile

    The power transformer or battery-to-grid are critical aspects of power distribution and sizing and modelling of batteries or transformers depends on the load profile. [1] The factory specification of transformers for the optimization of load losses versus no-load losses is dependent directly on the characteristics of the load profile that the ...

  7. Short-circuit test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_test

    The test is conducted on the high-voltage (HV) side of the transformer where the low-voltage (LV) side (or the secondary) is short-circuited. A wattmeter is connected to the primary side. An ammeter is connected in series with the primary winding. A voltmeter is optional since the applied voltage is the same as the voltmeter reading.

  8. Current transformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_transformer

    The burden (load) impedance should not exceed the specified maximum value to avoid the secondary voltage exceeding the limits for the current transformer. The primary current rating of a current transformer should not be exceeded, or the core may enter its non-linear region and ultimately saturate. This would occur near the end of the first ...

  9. Utilization categories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilization_categories

    Control of solid state loads with transformer isolation: 60947-5-1 AC-14: Control of small electromagnetic loads: 60947-5-1 AC-15: Control of A.C. electromagnetic loads: 60947-5-1 AC-20: Connecting and disconnecting under no-load conditions: 60947-3 AC-21: Switching of resistive loads, including moderate overloads: 60947-3 AC-22