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Malathion is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a diverse family of chemicals.Upon uptake into the target organism, it binds irreversibly to the serine residue in the active catalytic site of the cholinesterase enzyme.
Some elements of the cholinergic crisis can be reversed with antimuscarinic drugs like atropine or diphenhydramine, but the most dangerous effect — respiratory depression, cannot. [ 6 ] The neuromuscular junction, where the brain communicates with muscles (like the diaphragm , the main breathing muscle), works by acetylcholine activating ...
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...
Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
Human exposure to methoxychlor occurs via air, soil, and water, [8] primarily in people who work with the substance or who are exposed to air, soil, or water that has been contaminated. It is unknown how quickly and efficiently the substance is absorbed by humans who have been exposed to contaminated air or via skin contact. [ 8 ]
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
Fenthion is an organothiophosphate insecticide, avicide, and acaricide.Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via cholinesterase inhibition.Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, fenthion is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization toxicity class.
Azinphos-methyl is a neurotoxin derived from nerve agents developed during World War II. [4] It was first registered in the US in 1959 as an insecticide and is also used as active ingredient in organophosphate (OP) pesticides. [6]