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The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...
Inkiriwang, Frega Wenas. "The dynamic of the US–Indonesia defence relations: the 'IMET ban' period". Australian Journal of International Affairs 74.4 (2020): 377–393. online; Jones, Matthew. Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, Indonesia and the Creation of Malaysia (Cambridge UP, 2001).
The Audit Board of Indonesia (Indonesian: Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan) is the high state body responsible for checking the management and accountability of state finances conducted by the central government, local government, other state institutions such as Bank Indonesia, state-and municipally-owned enterprises, Public Service Boards, and ...
Indonesia, [c] officially the Republic of Indonesia, [d] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Comprising over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles).
Democracy in Asia can be comparatively assessed [1] according to various definitions of democracy. [2] According to the V-Dem Democracy indices, the Asian countries with the highest democracy scores in year 2023 were Taiwan, Japan, Cyprus, Israel, and South Korea, meanwhile the Asian countries with lowest democracy scores in 2023 are Saudi Arabia, China and Afghanistan. [3]
Even Indonesia's first national elections in 1955 failed to bring about political stability. In 1957, Indonesia faced a series of crises, including the beginning of the Permesta rebellion in Makassar and the army takeover of authority in South Sumatra, due to the increasing dissatisfaction of non-Javanese Indonesians to the centralization ...
Political stability is a situation characterized by the preservation of an intact and smoothly functioning government or political system, avoiding significant disruptions or changes over an extended duration. Political stability signifies a state of tranquility, organization, and sustained continuity within the political domain.
Indo-Pacific. The green circle covers ASEAN.. Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP; Japanese: 自由で開かれたインド太平洋, romanized: jiyū de hirakareta Indotaiheiyō) [1] is an umbrella term that encompasses Indo-Pacific-specific strategies of countries with similar interests in the region. [2]