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[2] [1] [4] It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974 for use in psychotherapy. To date, there is limited scientific information regarding the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects in humans. The existing studies primarily classify 2C-B as a stimulant and hallucinogen, and less commonly an entactogen and empathogen. [5]
Preliminary studies on 25C-NBOMe have shown that the substance is toxic to development, heart health, and brain health in zebrafish, rats, and Artemia salina, a common organism for studying potential drug effects on humans, but more research is needed on the topic, the dosages, and if the toxicology results apply to humans. Researchers of the ...
These effects are common for most psychedelics in the substituted phenethylamine class. There is a strong similarity between the subjective effects caused by βk-2C-B and 2C-B. However, βk-2C-B is often described to be more stimulating and less psychedelic. This, combined with its long duration, could increase the perceived severity of the ...
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. [5] [6] It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in ...
While found only in the peripheral nervous system, a report does indicate that CB 2 is expressed by a subpopulation of microglia in the human cerebellum. [20] CB 2 receptors appear to be responsible for immunomodulatory [19] and possibly other therapeutic effects of cannabinoid as seen in vitro and in animal models. [18]
Tactogen is additionally studying a combination of MDMA and citalopram wherein MDMA is followed by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram in efforts to reduce the serotonergic neurotoxicity and negative after-effects of MDMA. [7] [25] [23] [26] A phase 2 trial of this strategy is planned to commence in 2025.
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
There are two known subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB 1 and CB 2. [6] [7] The CB 1 receptor is expressed mainly in the brain (central nervous system or "CNS"), but also in the lungs, liver and kidneys. The CB 2 receptor is expressed mainly in the immune system, in hematopoietic cells, [8] and in parts of the brain. [9] The protein ...