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The timeline of North American telegraphy is a chronology of notable events in the history of the electric telegraphy in the United States and Canada, including the rapid spread of telegraphic communications starting from 1844 and completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861.
Early proposals for an optical telegraph system were made to the Royal Society by Robert Hooke in 1684 [12] and were first implemented on an experimental level by Sir Richard Lovell Edgeworth in 1767. [13] The first successful optical telegraph network was invented by Claude Chappe and operated in France from 1793. [14]
The idea of using the telegraph to transmit a time signal for longitude determination was suggested by François Arago to Samuel Morse in 1837, [82] and the first test of this idea was made by Capt. Wilkes of the U.S. Navy in 1844, over Morse's line between Washington and Baltimore. [83]
The transcontinental telegraph was completed on Oct. 24, 1861, making possible instant communication between the coasts possible for the first time. It rendered the Pony Express obsolete.
Cooke and Wheatstone had their first commercial success with a telegraph installed in 1838 on the Great Western Railway over the 13 miles (21 km) from Paddington station to West Drayton. Indeed, this was the first commercial telegraph in the world. [10] This was a five-needle, six-wire [9] system. The cables were originally installed ...
The telegraph line immediately made the Pony Express obsolete, which officially ceased operations two days later. The overland telegraph line was operated until 1869, when it was replaced by a multi-line telegraph that had been constructed alongside the route of the first transcontinental railroad.
Reviews in American History 23#3 (1995), pp. 478–81. online; Müller, Simone M. Wiring the World: The Social and Cultural Creation of Global Telegraph Networks (Columbia University Press, 2016). excerpt; Nonnenmacher, Tomas. "History of the U.S. Telegraph Industry" EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. (2001) online
In 1804, Spanish polymath and scientist Francisco Salva Campillo constructed an electrochemical telegraph. [7] The first working telegraph was built by the English inventor Francis Ronalds in 1816 and used static electricity. [8] An electromagnetic telegraph was created by Baron Schilling in 1832.