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The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
Google Translate previously first translated the source language into English and then translated the English into the target language rather than translating directly from one language to another. [11] A July 2019 study in Annals of Internal Medicine found that "Google Translate is a viable, accurate tool for translating non–English-language ...
Rule-based, deep parser based, paninian framework based; all programs and language data are free and open-source Apertium: Cross-platform (web application), Unix compatible, precompiled packages available for Debian: GPL: No fee required: 3.4.2: Yes: Rule-based, shallow transfer; all programs and language data are free and open source Babylon ...
[47] [48] [49] English-language articles are thought to usually be more comprehensive and less biased than their non-translated equivalents in other languages. [50] As of 2022, English Wikipedia has over 6.5 million articles while the German and Swedish Wikipedias each only have over 2.5 million articles, [ 51 ] each often far less comprehensive.
In part, ACTFL's definition of proficiency is derived from mandates issued by the U.S. government, declaring that a limited English proficient student is one who comes from a non-English background and "who has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language and whose difficulties may deny such an ...
Moreover, many tasks may be carried out inadequately by artificial intelligence even if its algorithms were transparent, understood, bias-free, apparently effective, and goal-aligned and its trained data sufficiently large and cleansed – such as in cases were the underlying or available metrics, values or data are inappropriate.
Nonverbal intelligence test 1913 Modern Language Aptitude Test: Foreign language test — Multiple choice: Determine the best possible answer from a list. 1915 Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery: Foreign language proficiency attainment predictor. 1966 Porteus Maze Test: Measures psychological planning capacity. 1914
BigScience Large Open-science Open-access Multilingual Language Model (BLOOM) [1] [2] is a 176-billion-parameter transformer-based autoregressive large language model (LLM). The model, as well as the code base and the data used to train it, are distributed under free licences. [ 3 ]