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Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [1] Not all tumors or lumps are cancerous; benign tumors are not classified as being cancer because they do not spread to other parts of the body. [ 1 ]
Viruses [68] are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but bacteria and parasites may also play a role. Oncoviruses (viruses that can cause human cancer) include: Human papillomavirus (cervical cancer), Epstein–Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma),
A cancer syndrome or family cancer syndrome is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predisposes the affected individuals to the development of cancers and may also cause the early onset of these cancers. Although cancer syndromes exhibit an increased risk of cancer, the risk varies.
HIV does not directly cause cancer, but it is associated with a number of malignancies, especially Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, anal cancer and cervical cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus 8. AIDS-related cases of anal cancer and cervical cancer are commonly caused by human papillomavirus.
Autoimmune thyroid disease is associated with Epstein-Barr virus. [8] Cancer: Anal cancer is associated with human papillomaviruses. [9] Bladder cancer Schistosoma helminths can cause cancer. [10] Brain tumor. Glioblastoma multiforme is associated with cytomegalovirus, [11] BK virus, JC virus, and simian virus 40. [12]
Bacteria involved in causing and treating cancers. Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. [1] While cancer-associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic (i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself), there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic.
Leiner's disease; Lelis syndrome; Lemierre's syndrome; Lennox–Gastaut syndrome; Lenz microphthalmia syndrome; Lenz–Majewski syndrome; Leriche's syndrome; Leschke syndrome; Lesch–Nyhan syndrome; Lethal congenital contracture syndrome; Lethal white syndrome; Leukotriene receptor antagonist-associated Churg–Strauss syndrome; Levator ani ...
Some infectious agents are linked to increased risk of cancer in their host organisms. The articles in this category pertain to such infectious agents, the vaccines that prevent infection by these agents, the names of the cancers linked to, associated with, caused by and/or have an increased risk of developing from these infectious agents.